Frustration, scandal and congressional redistricting have combined to produce a record rush out the door of the U.S. House of Representatives. A post-World War II record of 50 voluntary departures was set Tuesday when Rep. William Broomfield, R-Mich., announced he would not seek re-election. The total includes 37 members who are retiring at the end of this year and 13 who are seeking other offices (Senate or governor). The old record, 49 voluntary departures, was set in 1978. The end is nowhere in sight. Filing deadlines remain open in nearly half the states, and only four _ Maryland, Texas, Mississippi, and Illinois _ have completed their congressional primaries. Already, five incumbents have lost in those primaries. In Florida so far, two representatives, Republican Andy Ireland and Democrat William Lehman, have decided not to run for another term. Dozens, perhaps scores, more House members may be defeated in primary or general elections in this year of voter anger at incumbents. At least five incumbents are sure to lose, because redistricting has matched them up against another House member. Five more are highly likely to find themselves in incumbent versus incumbent matchups once redistricting is completed in their states. Many other House members are vulnerable because of their involvement in the House check-kiting scandal. The House ethics committee has identified 269 current members who overdrew their checking accounts at the House bank at least once during the 39-month period from July 1988 to October 1991. Included are 17 members identified by the committee as "abusers" of their banking privileges. In the Senate, seven senators (four Democrats and three Republicans) have already announced their retirement, three shy of the 1978 record. An eighth, Sen. Alan Dixon, D-Ill., was defeated in his primary. Even if a combination of voluntary departures and electoral defeats brings an influx of 100 or more new House members (of 435), that will be nowhere near a record. Throughout the 19th century, turnover in the House each election year was in the 40 percent to 50 percent range, with members serving an average of three or four terms. Nonetheless, this year's exodus marks a stunning reversal from just four years ago, when turnover in Congress hit an all-time low. With only 33 newcomers to the House and 10 in the Senate, the Class of 1988 was the smallest ever, both numerically and by percentage. The 1990 elections saw a slight climb in House turnover (there were 44 new members). Broomfield, who will be 70 on April 28, was first elected in 1956. He is one of the two most senior Republicans in the House (Minority Leader Robert Michel of Illinois is the other) and is the ranking Republican on the House Foreign Affairs Committee. "It's been extremely frustrating serving in a Congress crying out for reform," Broomfield said in a statement released by his office. "And, as upsetting as the recent scandals in the House have been, I am even more disturbed by Congress' inability to deal with the really important national issues affecting our country, such as balancing the federal budget and resolving the inequities in the health system."